Lake Kakaban
Lake Kakaban is located in the middle of Kakaban Island, a part of Derawan Islands in East Kalimantan. It's a huge brackish water lake which means hug in the local dialect as the island hugs the lake from the surrounding seawater. Lake kakaban is the world's biggest jellyfish lake (5 km2) with its four jellyfish species. Lake Kakaban is a mangrove fringed lake where thousands of non stinging Jellyfish live making it interesting for diving. The Jellyfish consists of four different species which have lost their natural defense system because of the lack of major predators in the lake : Aurelia Aurita with its transparent body, Tripedalia Cystophora which only has a tip finger size, Mastigias Papua is like a green-brown bulb and Cassiopea Ornata which is upside-down Jellyfish with their tentacles upright. Similar lakes exist in Philippines (Siargao) Palau with Jellyfish Lake being the best know.
The lake has warm brackish water and the bottom is covered with marine green algae. There are other animals living here, some sea cucumbers, gobies, sea anemones, tunicates, crustaceans, nudibranchs, orange purple clams and yellow clams on the branches and snakes. The lake is at most 17 meters (56 ft) deep with poor visibility and is 10 minutes walk from the beach. Kakaban was probably uplifted during the Holocene and sea water was trapped turning the area and formed a landlocked marine lake. The water is now a mixture of salt water and sweet water from the rain.
The lake has warm brackish water and the bottom is covered with marine green algae. There are other animals living here, some sea cucumbers, gobies, sea anemones, tunicates, crustaceans, nudibranchs, orange purple clams and yellow clams on the branches and snakes. The lake is at most 17 meters (56 ft) deep with poor visibility and is 10 minutes walk from the beach. Kakaban was probably uplifted during the Holocene and sea water was trapped turning the area and formed a landlocked marine lake. The water is now a mixture of salt water and sweet water from the rain.
Lake Kelimutu
It's located at the small town of Moni, about 50 kilometers to the east of Ende, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. Lake Kelimutu is three striking summit crater lakes of varying colors. Tiwa Ata Mbupu (Lake of Old People) is usually red in the westernmost of the three lakes and the other two lakes Tiwu Nuwa Muri Fai (Lake of Young Men and Maidens) and Tiwu Ata Polo (Bewitched or Enchanted Lake) are separated by a shared crater wall and are typically green or blue respectively. The lake colors vary on a periodic basis. Subuqueous fumaroles are the probable cause of active upwelling that occurs at the two eastern lakes. The lakes have been a source of minor phreatic eruptions in historical time. The summit of the compound 1639 meters high Kelimutu volcano is elongated 2 kilometers in a WNW-ESE direction, the older cones of Kelido and Kelibara are located respectively 3 kilometers to the north and 2 kilometers to the south. The scenic lakes are a popular tourist destination.
Kelimutu is also of interest to geologists because the three lakes have different colors yet are at the crest of the same volcano. According to the local officer at Kelimutu National Park, the colour changes as a result of chemical reactions resulting from the minerals contained in the lake perhaps triggered by volcano gas activity. Kawah Putih in West Java, south of Bandung, is another crater lake in Indonesia with similarities to the lakes at Kelimutu. Kelimutu is one of the mountains listed as a ribu in Indonesia which are more than 1000 meters high. The area have begun to attract attention after being noticed by a regional Dutch military commander B. van Suchtelen in 1915 and became more well known after Y. Bouman wrote about the site in 1929.
Kelimutu is also of interest to geologists because the three lakes have different colors yet are at the crest of the same volcano. According to the local officer at Kelimutu National Park, the colour changes as a result of chemical reactions resulting from the minerals contained in the lake perhaps triggered by volcano gas activity. Kawah Putih in West Java, south of Bandung, is another crater lake in Indonesia with similarities to the lakes at Kelimutu. Kelimutu is one of the mountains listed as a ribu in Indonesia which are more than 1000 meters high. The area have begun to attract attention after being noticed by a regional Dutch military commander B. van Suchtelen in 1915 and became more well known after Y. Bouman wrote about the site in 1929.
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Lake Matano, also known as Matana, is a natural lake in South Sulawesi. With depth of 590 meters, it's the deepest lake in Indonesia and the 10th deepest lake in the world. The surface elevation from mean sea level is only 382 meters, which means that the deepest portion of the lake is below sea level (cryptodepression). Lake Matano is a home to many species of endemic fish and other animals (e.g. Caridina shrimps, Parathelphusid crabs and Tylomelania snails) as well as many plants. The endemic fishes of Matano have been compared to that of the species swarms of Rift Valley Lakes of Africa.
While not as diverse, they are thought to have all arisen from a single ancestor species and diversified into numerous different species, which now fill many of the previously vacant ecological niches, as can be seen in the family Telmatherinidae. Endemic and near-endemic fishes from other families include Glossogobius matanensis, Mugilogobius adeia, Nomorhamphus weberi and Oryzias matanensis. Below the top layer of oxygenated water, Lake Matano's depths are anoxic, free of sulfates, and rich in iron. These conditions make Lake Matano an analog for Earth's ocean during Archean Eon, which is useful for studying relationships between anoxygenic phototrophs and banded iron formations. The lake contains a population of green sulfur bacteria that conducts photosynthesis with bacterioclorophyll.
Lake Toba is a lake and supervolcano. The lake is 100 kilometers long, 30 kilometers wide, up to 505 meters (1.666 ft) meters deep and about 900 meters (2.953 ft) surface elevation makes it the largest in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world. It's located in North Sumatra. Lake Toba is the site of a massive supervolcanic eruption estimated at VEI 8 that occurred 69.000 to 77.000 years ago, representing a climate-changing event. It's the largest known explosive eruption on Earth in the last 25 million years. According to Toba catastrophe theory, it had global consequences for human populations : it killed most humans living at that time and is believed to have created a population bottleneck in central east Africa and India, which affects the genetic make up of the human world-wide population to the present. This hypothesis is not widely accepted because evidence is lacking for a decline or extinction of other animals, including species that are sensitive to changes in the environment. It has been accepted that the eruption of Toba led to a volcanic winter with a worldwide decrease in temperature between 3 to 5 ºC (5 to 9 ºF) and up to 15 ºC (27 ºF) in higher latitudes.
In the middle of the lake there is a large volcanic island, Samosir Island. The island was originally connected to the surrounding caldera wall by a small isthmus which was cut through to aid navigation. At 640 square kilometers, Samosir Island is the largest island within an island and the fifth largest lake island in the world. It also contains two smaller lakes, Lake Sidihoni and Lake Aek Natonang. Across the lake on the east from the island lies Uluan Peninsula. The island is link to the mainland of Sumatra on its western part by a narrow land connecting the town of Pangururan on Samosir and Tele on mainland of Sumatra. Tele consequently offers one of the best views of Lake Toba and Samosir Island.
In the middle of the lake there is a large volcanic island, Samosir Island. The island was originally connected to the surrounding caldera wall by a small isthmus which was cut through to aid navigation. At 640 square kilometers, Samosir Island is the largest island within an island and the fifth largest lake island in the world. It also contains two smaller lakes, Lake Sidihoni and Lake Aek Natonang. Across the lake on the east from the island lies Uluan Peninsula. The island is link to the mainland of Sumatra on its western part by a narrow land connecting the town of Pangururan on Samosir and Tele on mainland of Sumatra. Tele consequently offers one of the best views of Lake Toba and Samosir Island.
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